Proteins, lipids and polysaccharides are called "The Macromolecules" because they are all large molecules as opposed to small molecules
One could say they are made from simpler organic molecules that have associated to form larger molecules
Therefore a macromolecule is a giant molecule made up from repeating units of single molecules (monomers)
They are therefore also called polymers
- Proteins are polymers of amino acids (see image below)
- Lipids are polymers of fatty acids
- Carbohydrates are monomers of monosaccharides
- All 3 macromolecules, in a balanced quanity, are essential to a healthy diet and body
THE CHEMICAL BONDS OF THE MACROMOLECULES
- Proteins are polymers of amino acids which are linked by Peptide Bonds (polypeptide chains is the name sometimes referred to for proteins)
- Lipids are polymers of fatty acids that are joined to glycerol by Ester Bonds
- Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides which are linked by Glycosidic Bonds
- ALL the macromolecules are formed or broken down by the condensation reaction and hyrolysis respectively
WHAT THE MACROMOLECULES DO FOR THE BODY
- Proteins are involved in the repair, renewal or growth of cells and tissues
- Lipids are involved in membrane formation, nerve cell health, formation of some hormones
- Carbohydrates are involved in energy storage and release
