Questions with help 4

Use ideas about covalent bonding to show the electron arrangement (dot-and-cross diagram) in the following substances.

As an example, some help is given for the bonding in methane (CH₄).

H atomic number is 1, electronic arrangement is 1.

There is one electron in the outside shell.

C atomic number is 6, electronic arrangement is 2,6.

There are four electrons in the outside shell.

Draw the carbon atom with its four outside shell electrons spread around it. Then draw the hydrogen atoms next to it so that each atom can contribute one electron to the pair of electrons in the bond.

Now do the following:

Hydrogen chloride HCl (atomic numbers are 1 and 17 respectively)

Ammonia (NH3) (atomic numbers are 7 and 1 respectively)